How AI Can Help Detect Lung Cancer Sooner
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, a stark reality that underscores the urgency for improved detection methods. In the United States alone, it is estimated that over 230,000 individuals will be diagnosed with lung cancer this year. This high incidence rate reflects a global trend, as lung cancer continues to claim more lives than any other form of cancer. The statistics reveal a slightly higher prevalence among men compared to women, with a ratio of 1 in 16 for men and 1 in 17 for women. These numbers highlight the critical need for advancements in early detection and screening technologies to combat this deadly disease.
One of the most promising advancements in the field of cancer screening is the development of Fragmentomics AI. This innovative technology leverages artificial intelligence to analyze small fragments of DNA found in the blood, known as cell-free DNA (cfDNA). These cfDNA fragments can serve as biomarkers for detecting cancer, offering a non-invasive and potentially more accessible method for early detection. The application of Fragmentomics AI in lung cancer screening holds significant promise, but it also presents several challenges that need to be addressed to maximize its potential benefits.
Currently, less than 5% of eligible individuals in the United States receive the standard low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan for lung cancer screening. This low screening rate can be attributed to a variety of factors, including a lack of accessible methods, limited awareness, and the invasive nature of traditional screening techniques such as imaging and biopsies. These conventional methods are often expensive and may not be effective for early detection, which is crucial for improving survival rates. Fragmentomics AI offers a potential solution by starting the screening process with a simple blood draw, followed by the analysis of cfDNA using sophisticated machine learning models.
According to established guidelines, high-risk individuals for lung cancer screening are generally those over 50 years old with a history of smoking. One of the key factors that make Fragmentomics AI particularly effective for lung cancer screening is its ability to detect shorter circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) compared to non-tumor DNA. This distinction allows for more accurate identification of cancerous cells at an earlier stage. However, the implementation of AI in cancer detection is not without its challenges. Managing large data sets and ensuring that clinical trials represent all subgroups equally are critical hurdles that need to be overcome.
The accuracy and reproducibility of results are paramount in minimizing unnecessary anxiety and procedures while effectively catching early-stage cancers. Multiple assays and sophisticated algorithms are necessary to accurately model the disease spectrum and biological variability. As the regulatory environment for diagnostics evolves, companies will need to revalidate their tests, a process that can be both time-consuming and expensive. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of AI-powered lung cancer screening are substantial, particularly in terms of early detection and improved patient outcomes.
Delfi Diagnostics is one company at the forefront of this technological revolution. Their first product, FirstLook Lung, utilizes cfDNA fragment analysis for lung cancer detection. Although this test has not yet been approved or cleared by the FDA, it is regulated under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act. The future of lung cancer screening using Fragmentomics AI looks promising, with ongoing research and development efforts aimed at overcoming existing challenges and enhancing the accuracy and reliability of these tests. The integration of AI in lung cancer detection represents a significant step forward in the fight against this devastating disease.
In addition to Fragmentomics AI, other AI-powered technologies are also being explored for early lung cancer detection. For instance, AstraZeneca has been advocating for the use of their AI platform, Qure.ai, which is designed for early detection of lung cancer. At a media conference held at the Healthway Cancer Care Hospital in Taguig, executives from AstraZeneca highlighted the capabilities of Qure.ai in increasing the efficiency of lung cancer screening through low-dose CT scans. This platform has been trained on 15 million CT scans to accurately detect nodules, significantly enhancing the chances of early diagnosis.
The statistics presented at the conference were alarming, with lung cancer being the most common cause of cancer death globally and in the Philippines, accounting for 2.5 million cases annually. In the Philippines, lung cancer is the second most common cancer type, with 60% of patients being diagnosed at late or advanced stages. This late diagnosis contributes to a low survival rate of just 2.9%. Early detection through screening could transform lung cancer into a more treatable condition, highlighting the critical importance of accessible and efficient screening methods.
Qure.ai’s platform boasts a sensitivity of 83% in detecting nodules measuring 6-10 millimeters, and it is the only lung nodule AI cleared by the FDA. The platform’s ability to pick up 94% of nodules missed by radiologists in routine care underscores its potential to significantly improve early detection rates. While the exact cost of the platform has not been disclosed, it is available for procurement by hospitals and health centers, with local institutions like Healthway Cancer Care Hospital already utilizing this advanced technology. The integration of AI in lung cancer detection represents a pivotal advancement in the ongoing battle against this formidable disease.
Another breakthrough in AI-powered lung cancer detection technology has recently become available in the Philippines. In 2022, the country recorded 23,728 new cases of lung cancer, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). To address this pressing health issue, pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca and healthcare provider AC Health have partnered with Qure.ai to bring AI-assisted x-ray technology to two hospitals. The agreement, signed by representatives from AstraZeneca, AC Health, and Qure.ai, aims to enhance the early detection of lung cancer through the use of advanced AI technology.
The AI technology, known as QXR, is already in use in over 2,000 health facilities across 80 countries. It provides pre-read assistance in just 20 seconds and can detect abnormalities in the lungs, heart, diaphragm, and bones. By identifying missed nodules and alerting radiologists for further examination, QXR plays a crucial role in the early detection process. Patients may then undergo a CT scan and lung biopsy before receiving a diagnosis from an oncologist. Studies have shown that QXR can detect 95% of missed or mislabeled nodules with no false positives, making it a highly reliable tool for lung cancer screening.
Health experts believe that faster and easier lung cancer screening methods, such as those provided by QXR, may encourage more people, especially smokers, to get tested. According to the WHO, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with high mortality rates in both men and women. The Philippines ranks second in terms of lung cancer cases, and it is the top cause of death among cancer patients in the country. The use of QXR as a triaging tool to determine who should undergo a low-dose CT scan can help address the challenge of limited access to LDCT, which can cost at least P10,000 and is not widely available in the Philippines.
Despite recommendations to use LDCT for high-risk populations, limited access and implementation remain significant challenges. AstraZeneca’s involvement in the Lung Ambition Alliance, which aims to improve lung cancer survival rates globally, reflects a commitment to advancing early detection and treatment methods. AC Health’s president and CEO, Paolo Borromeo, emphasized the benefits of healthcare innovation for patients and highlighted the importance of partnerships with leading companies like AstraZeneca. Healthway Cancer Care Hospital and AC Medical Network are dedicated to delivering top-notch oncology services in collaboration with global partners.
Qure.ai’s technology is a welcome addition to the Philippines’ efforts to improve lung cancer detection and treatment. The collaboration between AstraZeneca, AC Health, and Qure.ai exemplifies the potential of partnerships in driving significant progress in the fight against lung cancer. As AI-powered technologies continue to evolve, they offer new hope for early detection and improved patient outcomes. The integration of AI in lung cancer screening represents a transformative step forward, providing a powerful tool in the battle against this deadly disease. With ongoing research, development, and collaboration, the future of lung cancer detection and treatment looks increasingly promising.