World Gynecologic Oncology Day: Raising Awareness and Combatting Stigma Around Gynecological Cancers
World Gynecologic Oncology Day, celebrated annually on September 20, serves as a crucial platform to raise awareness about gynecological cancers. These include ovarian, uterine, cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers, which affect millions of women globally. The initiative, spearheaded by the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) and the European Network of Gynaecological Cancer Advocacy Groups, began in 2020. Since then, it has grown into a global campaign involving patient advocacy groups, scientific societies, cancer patients, and caregivers. This day is marked by over 100 awareness activities worldwide, all aimed at eradicating the stigma surrounding women’s cancers and educating the public about symptoms, risks, care, prevention, and screening.
The impact of gynecological cancers is profound, with over one million women diagnosed each year. These cancers originate in the reproductive organs and include not only the more commonly known ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancers but also the less frequently discussed vaginal and vulvar cancers. The societal and cultural stigmas associated with these cancers often exacerbate the challenges faced by patients. Misogyny and ageism can further compound the difficulties, making it imperative to address these issues head-on. The theme for World Gynecologic Oncology Day 2024, ‘Go Against the Stigma,’ aims to confront these negative perceptions and support women through their cancer journeys.
From diagnosis to treatment and beyond, cancer patients face numerous obstacles. The added burden of societal stigma can make an already challenging experience even more daunting. Negative perceptions about gynecological cancers can lead to feelings of shame and isolation, which can hinder patients from seeking timely medical help. This stigma can be particularly harsh due to the intimate nature of the affected organs and the symptoms involved. World Gynecologic Oncology Day aims to break down these barriers by fostering a supportive environment where women feel empowered to speak openly about their health concerns.
Gynecological cancers account for nearly 40% of all cancer incidences and 30% of cancer mortality among women worldwide. The most common types are cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. According to the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology, in 2020 alone, 420,000 women globally succumbed to these diseases. This alarming statistic underscores the urgent need for increased awareness and early detection. Regular screenings, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, play a crucial role in identifying abnormalities early on, significantly improving the chances of successful treatment and survival.
Preventive measures can make a significant difference in reducing the risk of gynecological cancers. Lifestyle choices such as maintaining a healthy diet, staying physically active, avoiding tobacco, and limiting alcohol consumption are essential. Additionally, vaccinations against human papillomavirus (HPV) can prevent many cases of cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Despite the availability of these preventive measures, fear and misinformation often deter women from taking proactive steps. For instance, seven out of ten women avoid cervical cancer screenings due to the fear of an HPV infection, even though early detection can lead to a cure.
Recognizing the subtle symptoms of gynecological cancers is vital for early diagnosis. These cancers are often referred to as ‘silent’ because their symptoms can be easily mistaken for other conditions. For example, ovarian cancer symptoms like bloating and feeling full quickly can be confused with digestive issues. It’s crucial for women to pay attention to any changes in their bodies and communicate these symptoms to their healthcare providers promptly. Dr. Kelly Leggett from Cone Health emphasizes that women should not wait for their annual check-up to discuss concerning symptoms but should seek medical advice as soon as they notice something unusual.
September is designated as Gynecologic Cancer Awareness Month, a time dedicated to highlighting the various types of gynecological cancers and their warning signs. Each year, over 98,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with these cancers. Early detection is key to successful treatment, yet many women remain unaware of the symptoms. Warning signs such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and changes in bowel or bladder habits should never be ignored. While these symptoms may not always indicate cancer, discussing them with a doctor is crucial for early diagnosis and effective treatment.
Several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing gynecological cancers. These include family history, age, obesity, and certain genetic mutations like BRCA1 and BRCA2. Regular screenings and genetic testing can help identify women at higher risk, allowing for more personalized and proactive healthcare. The HPV vaccine is another critical tool in preventing certain types of gynecological cancers. Doctors urge women to stay informed about their health, listen to their bodies, and seek medical attention if something feels off. Treatment options vary depending on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination of these methods.
The journey through cancer treatment can be arduous, but support from friends, family, and cancer support groups can make a significant difference. Emotional and psychological support is as important as medical treatment in helping patients navigate their cancer journey. Gynecologic Cancer Awareness Month serves as a reminder for women to prioritize their health and be vigilant about potential signs of cancer. By raising awareness and encouraging open conversations, we can help reduce the stigma and improve outcomes for women affected by gynecological cancers.
In India, the incidence of cancer is expected to rise by 12.8% by 2025, with a projected burden of 29.8 million cases. This increase underscores the need for preventive measures such as HPV vaccination, lifestyle changes, and regular screenings. Early detection through awareness of symptoms is crucial for improving survival rates. However, providing care for gynecological cancers remains a challenge, especially in rural areas. Pooled data shows a five-year survival rate of 51.7% for cervical cancer and 66.4% for breast cancer. Addressing behavioral, environmental, occupational, and metabolic risk factors can significantly reduce the incidence of these cancers.
Smoking, alcohol consumption, high BMI, and unsafe sex are leading risk factors for gynecological cancers. Individuals need to make conscious lifestyle changes to reduce their risk. General recommendations include avoiding tobacco, staying physically active, maintaining a healthy weight, and eating a balanced diet. Vaccination and screening tests play a crucial role in prevention. In India, vaccines like Cervarix, Gardasil 4, and Gardasil 9 are available and can be administered according to the recommended schedule. Screening tests such as cervical cytology (Pap test), HPV DNA testing, and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) can aid in early detection and treatment.
The recommended age to start screening varies depending on the availability of resources but typically begins between 25 to 30 years. Genetic risk factors such as Lynch syndrome and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations can increase the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers. Other factors like nulliparity (never having given birth) and smoking may also elevate the risk of certain types of gynecological cancers. By understanding these risk factors and taking preventive measures, women can significantly reduce their chances of developing these cancers.
In conclusion, World Gynecologic Oncology Day and Gynecologic Cancer Awareness Month play vital roles in raising awareness, combating stigma, and encouraging preventive measures. By fostering open conversations and educating the public about the symptoms, risks, and preventive strategies, we can improve outcomes for women affected by gynecological cancers. It is essential for women to prioritize their health, seek regular screenings, and communicate any concerns with their healthcare providers. Together, we can work towards a future where gynecological cancers are detected early, treated effectively, and no longer carry the burden of stigma.